TNF and pulmonary fibrosis: By using a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, triterpene acids of loquat leaf showed antifibrosis effects by ameliorating the lung structure and alleviating fibrosis in the rat, where reduced expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1 both at the protein and mRNA levels were observed in the alveolar macrophage of pulmonary fibrosis rats [68].