In summary, the evidence presented here contributes at least four new pieces of information to the study of atypical RNA structures, circRNA, miRNA-7, and ciRS-7 in UBE2A function in the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system in the brain that appears to be significantly disrupted in AD, and perhaps other neurological diseases that involve progressive, age-related inflammatory neurodegeneration:. Here, UBE2A is linked to Alzheimer disease.