In contrast, and in full agreement with our previous studies, the infection was only partly controlled in the Ad-YF NS3-primed mice, and mice vaccinated as infants were not as consistent in their capacity to control the infection as were mice primed as adults (Fig. 8B), matching the slightly reduced levels of memory CD8+ T cells present in these mice prior to challenge (Fig. 8A). Here, KRAS is linked to infection.