Generally, when compared with controls, subjects with insulin resistance, MetS and NAFLD had significantly higher levels of waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and HOMA-IR, and significantly lower level of HDL-C. Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.