SPN and infection: In response to S. pneumoniae infection, no major differences in cell counts of alveolar macrophages, newly recruited exudate macrophages and neutrophils were noted between groups, except for neutrophils that were significantly increased in BAL fluids of KO onto KO mice at 72 h post-infection (Fig 6A–6C), similar to the findings made in Spn-infected Mincle KO mice (S5C Fig).