CD4 and malaria: Here, using conditional knockout mice and sensitive methods for cell surface and transcriptional analysis, we have identified an important role for MCSF derived from CD4+ T cells in control of blood-stage P. chabaudi. This experimental malaria model has long been used to simulate uncomplicated infection with P. falciparum, the principal etiological agent of a human disease that caused 214 million new illnesses and ~438,000 deaths in 2015 [72].