Array-based copy number aberration (CNA) studies [3,4] have identified important amplified genes, including NKX2-1, TERT, EGFR, and MET, and deleted genes, including CDKN2A. Targeted sequencing of protein-coding genes [5,6] and whole-exome sequencing (WES) [4,7–9] of tumor/normal or tumor/blood sample pairs have identified more than 20 mutated genes that showed positive selection in LUAD. The gene discussed is NKX2-1; the disease is neoplasm.