TNF and neoplasm: The median density of MCT and MCTC expressing TNFα in the tumour islets of patients with ES was significantly greater (median 14.9 [IQR 5.6–33.76] and median 13.8 cells/mm2 [IQR 1.2–25.3] respectively) than in patients with PS (median 0.1 [IQR 0–7.9] and 0.0 cells/mm2 [IQR 0–1.2] respectively) (p = 0.0005 for MCT & p = 0.0018 for MCTC) (Fig. 3A and C).