Other studies have reported a similar TGF-β1 expression in PC and periapical granulomas (3,19,23) and Teixeira-Salum et al. (24), evaluating the levels of several cytokines in PC and periapical granulomas, observed that granulomas expressed higher levels of TGF-β. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and periapical granuloma.