Also, in accordance with the notion that desmoplastic reaction is a prominent feature of human ICC,32, 33 AKT/Jag1 tumours displayed elevated immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin (VIM) staining in the stromal cells as well as deposition of collagen fibres, as indicated by Picro Sirius Red staining (Supplementary Figure 4). Here, VIM is linked to neoplasm.