In contrast to other autoimmune diseases, such as T1D or PSC, there are no spontaneous models that would serve as a “gold standard” model for the disease, similar to the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse for T1D [83] or the multidrug resistance2 (mdr2)−/− mouse for PSC [84]. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.