TNF and cystic fibrosis: Since the sialylation and sLex expression of bronchial mucins secreted by patients suffering from CF or chronic bronchitis is related to the severity of airway infection [29], signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms responsible for TNF-induced over-expression of sLex in human bronchial mucosa could be of critical importance to understand the links between sustained inflammation and P. aeruginosa infection observed in these lung pathologies.