HGF and neoplasm: Potential second hits include several tumor-associated markers and mechanisms such as the Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1), c-Myc, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met, NOTCH, MAP kinase, cyclin D, ki-67, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and RASS1FIA methylation status13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.