The fact that the expression of multiple drug resistance (MDR) transporter genes ABCB1 and ABCG2 is also augmented by DCA and LCA provides additional support to our contention that the secondary bile acids, specifically DCA and LCA are able to induce transformation of normal colonic epithelial cells to CSCs, which are known to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of many malignancies, including CRC [62]. Here, ABCG2 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.