TSHR and hyperthyroidism: It has been shown that TRAb targeting of TSHR could result in TEC hyperplasia and, consequently, lead to hyperthyroidism.27, 28 However, TRAb depletion treatment using rituximab is very offensive with aggravating ulcerative colitis and similar diseases.7, 8 Thus, we believe that there must have been another crucial factor that promotes TEC hyperplasia.