TNF and graft versus host disease: It has been revealed that the ‘cytokine storm' fuels GvHD pathogenesis and in particular, TNF-α and IFN-γ were shown to play important role in determining the severity of aGvHD.43, 44, 45 Combination of nifuroxazide with SAT05f significantly suppressed serum levels of the two proinflammatory cytokines compared with the other three groups (Figure 5).