A study reported by Kolsuz et al. on inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) levels in bronchoalveolar material after 24 h of admission for adult patients with pneumonia showed IL-6 as the most important cytokine in the determination of the disease severity in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome [45]. Here, TNF is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.