To target TF-expressing angiogenic vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and cancer cells, Dr. Garen and Dr. Hu co-invented and developed two therapeutics using fVII, the natural ligand for TF, as the targeting domain in the context of immunotherapy [13, 14, 17] and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [15, 18–20]. Here, TF is linked to cancer.