A malignant human tumor that is thought to arise from the human OE [42] is the olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma), and we noticed some similarities of our embryonically induced OE tumor-like lesions and human olfactory neuroblastoma (hONB) on the level of histopathology, including positive staining for markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, such as CD56 and Chromogranin A (Fig 4A–4D). The gene discussed is NCAM1; the disease is olfactory neuroblastoma.