It is possible that cardiovascular disease–APOL1 interaction may have an age-dependent relationship pattern, similar to one described in early- and late-onset forms of Alzheimer disease associated with apolipoprotein E, epsilon 4 allele, where subjects at both age spectrum (young-old) seem to be affected by the disease penetrance (27). Here, APOE is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.