Population-wide human genetics has also implicated fundamental abnormalities in lipid droplets in NAFLD: for example, the p.Ile148Met SNP in PNPLA3, whose product is patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3, is associated with all stages of NAFLD, from simple steatosis, NASH, fibrosis, and development of HCC (59, 60). Here, PNPLA3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.