Regarding, infiltration of Cldn10-positive cells into thickened interstitium, 50% of the IPF sections tested (3 out of 6) exhibited at least one area with such a finding (Figure 2M; Supplemental Figure S2B) while such a histopathological finding was not observed in any of the COPD sections tested. This evidence concerns the gene CLDN10 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.