CCL5 and Insulin resistance: Second, we found that CCL5 activation of CCR5 induces GLUT4 membrane translocation for glucose uptake, which blocked negative regulation of the insulin signal by AMPKα and S6 Kinase serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Fig. 7a); the loss of CCR5 caused aberrant activation of AMPKα and a constant phosphorylation of IRS-1 ser302 which, in turn, led to insulin resistance (Fig. 7b).