Moreover, since TGFβ1 affects FN splicing by favoring the inclusion of EDA11, 20, our data consistently support the possibility of a negative feedback loop between EDA + FN, TGFβ1 and NOX4 in diabetes, as previously suggested by Kawelke et al.51 in liver fibrosis between FN and TGFβ. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and diabetes mellitus.