Figure 6 shows markedly increased expression of E-cadherin in Huh-7.5 cells cultured in ECM protein-functionalized ICC scaffolds compared with the bare scaffold. The green fluorescence staining for E-cadherin in the bare ICC group was consistently dim from day 1 to day 14 (Fig. 6a), whereas there was a steady increase in green fluorescence intensity from day 1 to day 14 in both collagen I- and fibronectin-functionalized ICC groups (Fig. 6b,c). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.