Accumulating evidence shows that melanoma cells display a significant increase in ER and cytoplasmic chaperones, driven by the UPR (Box 1), which act initially to increase protein folding efficiency, along with an elevated expression of many vesicular trafficking related genes, such as Rab7 (100), TBC1D16 (101), and Rab27 (102). The gene discussed is RAB27A; the disease is melanoma.