VEGFA and melanoma: This is largely due to the ability of melanoma to efficiently escape the immune system through various mechanisms [e.g., by the release of immune-silencing molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-10, nitric oxide (NO), or prostaglandins], in part relying on the enhanced secretory activity of melanoma cells.