(iii) Anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-13, which had long been thought to participate in a counter-regulatory or reciprocal mechanism that protects the brain from detrimental proinflammatory mediators, but were recently shown to worsen AD-relevant phenotypes either dependently or independently of involvement of other inflammatory mediators [27,67–70]. This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and Alzheimer disease.