We next analyzed serum and urine ALCAM levels by ELISA from patients in four distinct biofluid cohorts including: 1) patients undergoing surgery but with no cancer (Normal Controls), 2) patients with inflammatory diseases (Inflammation), 3) patients with non-bladder malignancies (General Cancer) and 4) patients with high-grade bladder cancer (BCa). Here, ALCAM is linked to urinary bladder cancer.