In addition, the lack of kidney damage during sleep loss [23], which guarantees a normal clearance of FITC-dextrans through urine, and the fact that we used Evans blue, an albumin-binding dye with little renal clearance [21], allow us to affirm that A2A adenosine receptors are playing a central role in regulating blood-brain barrier permeability during sleep loss by directly acting on blood-brain barrier cellular components (eg. endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes) or on microglial cells. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is Nephropathy.