MAPK3 and hydrops fetalis: To investigate potential mechanisms of SalB's protection against the pressure-overload-induced HF, we focused on ERK1/2 and AKT, which are two major signaling pathways involved in HF [13]. Using Western blot analysis, we found that the ERK1/2 phophsrylations of threonines at 202th and tyrosine at 204th sites were enhanced after TAC surgery, compared with control(Fig 4A and 4C, P<0.001).