Sensing and signalling mechanisms which stand at the intersection of metabolic and inflammatory pathways such as TLRs, mTOR, JNK, MAPK, and NFkB that are activated in obesity-associated inflammation57, 58, 59, were not induced in Cpt1bm−/− muscle. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.