In contrast, in the CheckMate 057 study, which evaluated the benefit of nivolumab versus docetaxel in an unselected population of advanced NSCLC, a retrospective analysis of tumor specimens using the anti-PD-L1 28–8 pharmDx assay showed a correlation between the level of PD-L1 expression and all efficacy endpoints at an expression level of >1 % [10]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.