TGFB3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: After 4 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of NAFLD was 25.3% (334/1,322). Those who developed NAFLD had higher serum TGF-β3 levels than those who did not (mean 554 vs. 285 pg/ml; P < 0.002); and the incidence increased significantly with increasing TGF-β3 tertiles (6.3, 38.0, and 55.7%, for the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively; P < 0.05)