A follow-up study demonstrated that BMP-2 could inhibit the tumor-initiating ability of human renal ALDH+ CSCs, downregulate expression of embryonic stem cell markers, and upregulate transcription of osteogenic markers, suggesting that BMP-2 may therefore represent a beneficial treatment strategy for human RCC by targeting the CSC-enriched population (Wang et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene BMP2 and renal cell carcinoma.