CD8A and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Isajevs et al. [61] demonstrated again a higher level of neutrophils, macrophages and CD8 + cells both in large and small airways of smokers than nonsmokers, but lower than that of subjects with COPD which is consistent with Saetta’s finding [33] that smokers who developed symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation had an increased number of CD8+ cells in the peripheral airways as compared with asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function, suggesting this inflammatory process may be under control.