CCL2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Finally, we tested and found that curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the root of Curcuma longa, suppressed the expression of CCL2 in HNSCC cells and EGF in macrophages, weakened the invadopodia formation and alleviated HNSCC cells migration and invasion, showing a promising therapeutic potential in HNSCC.