Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may, alongside its well-studied anti-angiogenic effects, promote T-cell effector function and trafficking to the tumor, decrease PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells, increase the number of immature dendritic cells and their T-cell-priming ability, and reduce the size of T-cell-regulatory myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations [45]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.