CSF2 and neoplasm: We showed that during cancer-driven granulo-monocytopoiesis colony stimulating factors (CSFs: G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF) stimulate the expansion and recruitment of tumor promoting myeloid cells wherein retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor 1 (RORC1) drives cancer-related myelopoiesis in response to CSFs, antagonizing CSFs prevented cancer driven-myelopoiesis or the ablation of RORC1 hampered generation of TAMs and MDSCs in line with reduced MN/MCA1 tumor growth and lung metastasis [127] (Table 1).