TGFB1 and neoplasm: It was published quite early that pretreatment with TGF-β of human promyelocytic cells followed by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) treatment induced monocytic maturation [199], while in other study vitamin D3 treatment of mice having Lewis lung carcinoma reduced the frequency of myeloid progenitors and tumor-driven myelopoiesis associated immunosuppression leading to transient tumor regression and prominent metastasis reduction [200].