Similarly, in overweight and obese groups, participants with NAFLD were older, and had higher BMI, WC, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, fasting plasma glucose, 2 h plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMAIR, CRP, and liver enzymes and had lower adiponectin, HDL-c and eGFR (all P < 0.01). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.