In particular, the ribosome assembly involves the association of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins, and ectopic production or activation of ribosomal proteins have been actually observed in several cancer types30, 31, such as RPS6 in NSCLC and non-Hodgkin lymphoma32, 33; RPS7, RPS15A and RPS20 in colorectal cancer34, 35, 36; RPL5 and RPL10 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia37; and RPS14 in 5q- syndrome38, a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a high propensity to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This evidence concerns the gene RPL5 and myelodysplastic syndrome.