TGFB1 and neoplasm: The LuM1 cells grew slightly faster than the NM11 cells under normal culture conditions (Supplementary Fig. 1b), invaded more readily through Matrigel in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (a well-known inducer of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition) (Supplementary Fig. 1c), and developed significantly larger tumours and greater numbers of spontaneous pulmonary metastatic nodules than the NM11 cells (Supplementary Fig. 1d,e) following subcutaneous implantation into immunocompetent mice.