VEGFA and neoplasm: Although the cell experiments for performing siRNA-ONV-, siRNA-Lipo2000- and siRNA-TKO-induced VEGF gene silencing did not show significant difference (Fig. 5), in vivo experiments demonstrated slightly higher efficacy (P<0.05) of siRNA-ONV than siRNA-Lipo2000 and siRNA-TKO for inhibiting tumour growth (Fig. 6a), suggesting that the high selectivity of ‘dual lock-and-key’ strategy enhanced in vivo antitumour activity.