SEPTIN4 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: In addition to the MLL-septin chimeras, the SEPT4/ARTS isoform was found to be down-regulated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and genetic ablation of SEPT4 increased the levels of hematopoietic stem cells, which became resistant to apoptosis (Larisch et al., 2000; Elhasid et al., 2004; Garcia-Fernandez et al., 2010).