SEPTIN9 and carcinoma: Multiple studies have shown that over-expression of SEPT9 isoforms enhances cell motility and invasion, and suggest that SEPT9 upregulation is programmed by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that drives the development of carcinomas (Chacko et al., 2005; Shankar et al., 2010; Connolly et al., 2011b; Fuchtbauer et al., 2011; Dolat et al., 2014b).