Recent studies have shown that increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, are involved in obesity and insulin resistance [4, 33] and that excess intake and endogenous release (lipolysis) of saturated fatty acids might enhance expression of TLR-4 target genes including MCP-1. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.