TP53 and cancer: To identify TP53-MSN genes, we first identified genes with higher expression levels in TP53-mutated cancers than in normal tissue (fold change > 1.5, FDR < 0.05; we call these loci “TP53-MN” genes), and then identified genes with higher expression levels in TP53-wildtype cancers than in normal tissue (fold change > 1.2, FDR < 0.05; we call these loci “TP53-WN2” genes which obviously include the TP53-WN genes).