Both a higher dose 5% (w/w) or a lower dose 2% (w/w) LCMUFA supplementation in western diet significantly suppressed atherosclerotic development and upregulated key gene expression in PPAR signaling pathway, such as Pparα and Pparγ. PPARs are known to protect against atherosclerosis partly by regulating inflammation and enhancing ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages in the arterial wall [47]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and atherosclerosis.