Emphasizing the initial observation, significantly (p < 0.05) increased VEGF-A expression was detected in primary clinical samples (Additional file 2: Table S1) of both AC and SCC (Fig. 1b), while PPARgamma levels were reduced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in both tumor types compared to normal, non-diseased, primary lung controls. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.