SIRT1 mRNA and SIRT1 protein were upregulated by EV71 starting at 3 h post-infection (hpi) (Fig. 1C) (P<0.05) and further increased by EV71 infection at an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2 in RD cells (Fig. 1D) (P<0.05). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is infection.