INS and Insulin resistance: However, the pathophysiologic causes of hyperglycemia are very different between the two types; type 1 diabetes results from the rapid, near-total, or total destruction of islets by the native immune system, whereas type 2 diabetes results from a gradual development of insulin resistance, a defect of insulin secretion due to chronic hyperglycemia [51–53], metabolic stress [54], and amyloid-mediated apoptosis [55].