TIMP2 and atrial fibrillation: On the other hand, increased production of active MMP-2 was observed in the AF of patients treated with lactoferrin compared to controls ((c) controls: 105.7 (80.6–137.2) ng/mg creatinine; LF treated: 270.6 (146.6–459.5) ng/mg creatinine; p < 0.0001), whereas the TIMP-2 concentration did not differ between the two groups ((e) controls: 5098 (3277–6830) ng/mg creatinine; LF treated: 5568 (3010–9718) ng/mg creatinine; p = 0.235).